Ep 253. - The Medina Model: Islam’s Blueprint for Muslims in the West | Dr. Sohail Hanif

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What does it mean to build a Medina, and why are collective institutions so central to a strong and vibrant communal life? In this episode, we delve into the idea of a Medina and how establishing collective institutions can strengthen and sustain a thriving community. The discussion also reflects on the profound significance of the Qur’anic message, emphasising Islam’s deep concern for the world around us and its call for believers to live lives of purpose, impact, and meaningful contribution. Joining me for this conversation is Dr Sohail Hanif, CEO of the National Zakat Foundation and lecturer at Cambridge Muslim College, whose work focuses on Islamic law, theology, and communal development.

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Transcript - This is an AI generated transcript and may not reflect the actual conversation

Introduction

0:00

Medina has something else. You could say God's  plan for man. In each and every major place where  

0:06

Muslims live, Paris or London or New York,  there would be a a a council that emulating  

0:12

the prophetic Medina model. Is that right?  I believe Muslims in the West especially,  

0:18

they have a most tremendous opportunity. We have  the freedom to create institutions on a black  

0:24

canvas really. And whenever you create communal  power, you're protecting people from government.   How do we rebuild an Islamic civilization? Dr.  Sahel Hanib, CEO of the National Zaka Foundation  

0:35

believes that Muslims principally in the west  need to think deeply about how the Medina model  

0:41

of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam is a  blueprint for building communities. The prophet   said sallallahu alaihi wasallam that when a person  is by themselves, the devil is the interfering  

0:51

party. If we don't coordinate as a community,  if we don't represent his mercy and his justice  

0:59

and his wisdom and his teaching, we are letting  him down. You could even go far and say we are  

1:05

betraying him. Dr. Selhan, alaykumah and welcome  back to the thinking Muslim. It's a great pleasure  

1:13

to be back. It's really wonderful to have you  back with us. Now I think it's been over a year  

1:20

since we last had that conversation about the  prophet sallall alaihi wasallam's Medina and  

1:26

society and how he built uh this um society. And  I think what uh what really stood out for me was  

1:34

um uh often we uh disconnect the sacred law the  different laws about Juma and communities and and  

Medinan model

1:42

about you know various aspects of comm community  communal living. we separate them from one another  

1:48

and and alhamdulillah you did a very amazing job  of connecting how um how religious life was very  

1:55

clearly connected to communal life as Muslims  and and I think there was a message at the end  

2:00

that we as Muslims especially those living in  the west where you know we don't have these  

2:06

natural communities we need to think about organi  organizing ourselves around uh the Medina model  

2:12

and I want to expand on that Medina model today  I mean maybe it's also Worth saying I've visited   a number of places over the last maybe few months  and um I've come across uh you know alhamdulillah  

2:23

a number of Muslims in America in Malaysia many  places who've said to me that they really found  

2:29

our conversation your your uh your uh conversation  about this subject really inspiring. So Jakar  

2:36

thank you so much for that. So we want to expand  on this Medina society today and what it means to  

2:42

build a Medina model. Now maybe I I think let's  start with where we left off the last time. You  

2:50

argue that wherever there's a Muslim community  uh there is a need to build a medina. Um explain  

2:59

what this model is and maybe how different it is  to what we've already achieved in say America or  

3:06

Canada or in the UK. Sure. Just before I start  as well, I've traveled a fair bit since we spoke  

3:14

last time and I'm astonished by the number of  people who bring up my conversation with you  

3:20

uh which is testament to I think the I think the  sort of international platform and conversation  

3:26

that that that is facilitated through your work.  So uh it's an honor and pleasure to be with you  

3:31

and discussing with you and uh working with you.  Alhamdulillah. Um at its core what uh and I also  

3:39

apologize I didn't relisten to the last one. So  if there is an overlap please please guide me in   my uh conversation. Uh at its core what I think we  all have to think about are just a few premises.  

3:52

uh not all of them might be central to the  argument. If I just start from the beginning, the  

3:57

fact that the companions of our prophet sallallahu  alaihi wasallam chose at the beginning as the  

4:03

beginning of our calendar, the hijra already is  a monumental civilizational starting point that  

4:11

every year and we are just in the beginning of the  year 1447. It's almost like taking back to think  

4:17

about the great event that we are marking with the  passage of time. Uh in the Christian tradition,  

4:24

it was the birth of Jesus Christatam. And for us,  it was not the birth of our prophet sallallahu  

4:30

alaihi wasallam. It was this very difficult  movement away from homeland to build something  

4:37

new with sacrifice, with sweat, with tears uh with  a migrant community, with a receiving community  

4:45

who shared with them and they built something  tremendous. And that thing that they built is  

4:52

what I believe that the sacred law of Islam  is describing. And so Medina has a geography.  

5:00

It's in somewhere in Arabia, uh, somewhere north  of Mecca. Uh, Medina has a history. This event  

5:08

I'm describing took place, 1447 years ago. But  Medina has something else, which is a timeless  

5:16

significance of you could say God's plan for  man. Yeah. You could say this community's duty  

5:26

to representing and serving its prophetat wasam.  All of that is encaptured in this project which  

5:34

only took 10 years. And that's why I believe  although I cannot demonstrate here and will  

5:40

take some effort but I believe it's demonstrable  as some scholars have suggested that what the  

5:45

prophet achieved sallallahu alaihi wasallam in  those 10 years is miraculous. Why miraculous?  

5:51

because there was no precedent in Arabia for the  systems, the roles, the jobs, the structuring,  

5:59

the sheer civilizational transformation that  was brought on in that short space of time  

6:05

while warding off all kinds of threats. So  that's just something of the context and in  

6:11

terms of what we're discussing is that our sacred  law which is the foundational discipline of study  

6:19

uh for Muslims across their history. It lays out  a discussion of prayer and zakat and fasting and  

6:27

Hajj and marriage and marriage divorce child care  uh trade a whole host of uh topics and duties. But  

6:37

if you really put it together, it really is the  map and skeleton of what the prophet built and  

6:44

uh brought into the world in that society. So  when it means for what it means for Muslims to  

6:52

follow their prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam  is therefore not simply within themselves to be  

7:00

better people but it's as a collective to live  in a better way. Mhm. And it's in the collective  

7:08

that we represent our prophet sallallahu alaihi  wasallam. As individuals, we have our failings  

7:13

and our shortcomings. But as a collective, we are  the bearers of his message. And we bear it through  

7:20

community. So the last thing I'll say when I talk  about what do we mean when we say building Medina,  

7:27

what I've started calling it now is I call  it structured community. structured um what  

7:34

do I mean by by structured I mean structures of  leadership and the reason why that's important  

7:39

is we talk a lot about the importance of um  and faith communities and faith ties but when  

7:46

you talk about um as just a tie then it seems  more like a network or a club or a friendship  

7:54

uh extended family but that's not what um is  it's something beyond that because the word  

8:01

um in Arabic It means a collective that's come  together for a purpose. And it's not possible  

8:07

for a collective to fulfill a purpose without some  structures of leadership. Otherwise, the moment we  

8:14

come to our first decision, we're all going to  disperse in our separate uh separate ways. And  

8:21

so what is Medina? It is the method of structured  umah. How do you bring a community together with  

8:29

uh leadership structures where they can observe  worship and prayer and taxation and solidarity,  

8:37

arbitration, trade, marriage, governance in a way  that they can move as one and find safety in this  

8:46

community. Uh why do I call this a duty? Because  following the sacred law can only be done in this  

8:54

way and that's why uh we can discuss this further  even in minority settings. Our scholars said then  

9:03

you should strive wherever you are to build out  these communities. Maybe later we can discuss what  

9:08

that looks like. Finally, how is this different  from what we've done today is I'm I would suggest  

9:14

that there is no collective vision because there  is no commitment to collective leadership. Now,  

9:22

leadership might seem something people talk about  too much and people say, "Oh, it's all everyone's  

9:28

always talking about leadership and corporate  leadership and this leadership and that leadership   and Islam is not about that." Islam says, "Don't  crave leadership." So, we've got one angle over  

9:36

there and then there's the other angle of well,  it's so I don't know backwards medieval that  

9:42

everything comes together in one point. We're  free. We're independent. We have differences.   We're diverse. And so, there's two polls on this  topic of leadership. But when I say there's a  

9:52

problem in lack of a leadership narrative and  leadership culture is that the point of again  

9:59

the word um is coordinated action. It's a group  which has to do something, achieve something and  

10:06

you can't do that without leadership structure. So  what we have now are lots of interesting projects  

10:11

which are disjointed. So if I run for example  a mosque, I feel that my job is to make it the  

10:18

best mosque the best mosque it can be. When you  put it into a larger land narrative of structured  

10:25

community, you realize oh my mosque is not a beall  and end all. It's like a team within a department.  

10:32

If if if if structured um is like an organization,  my mosque is a team in a department. So my team  

10:39

only wins if my department wins. So I've got to  think about how can I use my mosque to improve the  

10:45

other mosques? How can we bring all our mosques  together? Okay, our mosques are together. How do   we coordinate that with our welfare? Okay, so that  that's the idea. It's a narrative of coordinated  

10:56

movement. With a lack of such a narrative, we only  have splintered projects. Yeah. And because we  

11:03

only have splintered projects, we actually have no  direction of travel. And so it takes a disaster,  

11:10

whether it's at home with riots in Stockport or  the like, or whether it's overseas with genocides  

11:17

that we feel we should have a greater voice  to stop than but we don't. Then so a disaster   hits and they're wondering, oh, we're like 3 4  million. We have no voice. Nobody cares. We don't  

11:26

matter what's going on. And then we scramble for  strategies. But those strategies are devoid of a  

11:31

faith narrative, devoid of a scholarly narrative.  And this community won't mobilize if it's not tied  

11:39

to the reason why it's a faith community in  the first place. And for me, all of that is  

11:45

a description of what's missing. Rather, to be a  Muslim is to be committed to a culture. We have  

11:52

no culture of communal leadership. our culture. If  I was asked to reflect on our community culture,  

11:58

it's one of criticism, bringing people down,  uh, armchair commentary, which absolutely fine,  

12:05

but where's the culture of building and so I  think we have in many ways ourselves to blame  

12:11

for lack of direction, lack of leadership, lack of  a culture which is communal. Uh, and that's where  

12:19

this overarching duty I think finds its place.  Jakar, I think that's really uh really wonderful  

Islamic Leadership Structure

12:25

um an explanation of Medina and what you're  thinking about when you talk about Medina. Um  

12:32

I want to untangle a lot of what you've said and  we we can expand on that but let's just focus on  

12:37

this idea of leadership structure. Now I know that  like historically from a like um wide perspective  

12:45

um we know that Islam does not have a clergy  and so we don't have sort of a central scholarly  

12:53

leadership and and so many of our greatness  so much of our greatness came from you know  

12:58

the devolved nature of Islamic knowledge in a way  that Islamic knowledge developed through mazahib   and beyond right so we have got um we we haven't  got a central leadership when it comes to learning  

13:10

and knowledge. So I suppose the only discernable  central leadership we had in Islamic history was  

13:15

government were caliphates were governors that  were appointed by governments were uh am were were  

13:26

judges kadis you know these were people that were  appointed by a political central leadership right  

13:32

so um uh of course in the west we can't have that  and we don't have that and there is no aspiration  

13:38

to build like a se separate political structure  ruction. I suppose largely we're talking about   western communities here. So I'm just wondering  uh even the Medina society arguably could not have  

13:50

been realized without the prophet sallall alaihi  wasallam acting as a political leader you know  

13:56

over a political community. So I'm just wondering  how do you reconcile that the governmental aspects  

14:03

with this idea of building a medina? Yeah there's  a lot here now. Okay. So guide the you can guide  

14:10

the conversation. We'll come to the west in a  little bit and I believe that what we have to  

14:15

do in the west or in minority settings I call  it politics bottom up and it has a particular  

14:22

set of cultures, values, strategies and I think  that thing which I call politics bottom up is in  

14:29

my estimation the conclusion of what I'd like us  to be discussing today. That's it. That's what we   have to do right and we should tease out what  does that look like and what does it mean and  

14:37

what's the next steps coming to the first part  you're completely correct that again your first  

14:44

part had two quite fascinating things uh there  is no uh poplike figure there's no human being  

14:53

who just represents god in and of themselves  after the messenger of Allah sallallahu alaihi   wasallam and this point has been a frustration  by the way for like western governments and so  

15:01

on so who's the man or woman or whoever who's the  person. Yeah. If we spoke to them, they speak in  

15:07

the name of the community and we're frustrating  German because we don't have that person. Uh which  

15:13

in one point of view by all means it's a strength.  We're devolved. We're decentralized. We, you know,   there's no one head you can control. That's all  well and good, but that brings all the problems  

15:22

we were hinting at. So the sacred law is one of  communal uh what can I say? It's one in which  

15:32

we all take responsibility for serving the whole.  That's why when we talk about what are the values  

15:39

for the politics bottom up right at its core is  what I call it a culture change. If you think  

15:45

of again Muslims in London as an organization  in organization speak they say that what's the  

15:52

most important thing you need. You want to get the  right people in. You want to set the direction and  

15:59

you want to have a culture which is healthy. They  work together well. They've got a good mode of how  

16:05

they collaborate and work. They'll figure out the  strategy. They'll figure out the next steps. These  

16:10

are the building blocks. I'm going to be using  this metaphor maybe more than once today to say  

16:15

that if you want a vision for Muslims in London  and why I'm saying London not UK. So I'm going to   be suggesting because the word Medina means city,  doesn't mean country, doesn't mean continent,  

16:24

right? I'm going to be suggesting that the  sacred law of Islam we do jump to the what's at   top and we talk about caliphate and global but its  fundamental unit if you reflect on the sacred law  

16:35

is the city or town that's the structure and so if  I'm going to now in my examples think of Muslims  

16:42

in London and what they need um as we as we sort  of build out that vision there is this sense of  

16:51

getting the culture right getting us familiar  that that's what we want and we're going to work  

16:57

together for that aim. Yes. So when we think about  that's what we have to do going up. Coming back to  

17:03

your question it was roles and that's something  I hope we can get time to talk about. Yeah. Uh I   call Medina at the time of our prophet sallallahu  alaihi wasallam I used the phrase scalable  

17:14

movement right because it wasn't just this is  Medina everyone come here and marvel. It was a set  

17:21

of jobs, roles, responsibilities that were given  to people and we can discuss in a little bit how  

17:28

they were chosen, how they were trained, how they  were monitored. But at the end of the day, there   were roles and when new tribes came in to convert  to Islam, if they were individuals that came by  

17:40

themselves, they were given some individual  duties. Pray, fast, be good to your relatives,  

17:45

and then they went off. Mhm. If tribes came to  accept Islam, yeah, then they were given jobs, uh,  

17:53

usually it was amongst them, i.e. leadership was  being developed in every community. Fascinatingly,  

18:00

if I just give the example of the conquest of  Mecca to illustrate this and the conquest of   Mecca which happened around the year 8 after  hijra, the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam  

18:09

didn't stay there. He went back to Medina. There  was a Hajj in year 8. uh there was a Hajj in year  

18:16

nine and then the prophet did his hajj year 10  sallallahu alaihi wasallam. So at the conquest   of Mecca he didn't go back until he created the  structures of Medina in Mecca. That's what I mean  

18:28

by the scalable movement. How did he do that?  Yeah. He chose a teenager 90 odd years of age  

18:35

some say 20 by the name of Ibid and he said you're  the governor of Mecca. And so there's a leadership  

18:44

structure. It was understood that to be a governor  would mean to judge in people's disputes. So it  

18:49

takes on the role of the judge. It would mean that  it would be to coordinate zakat. We can talk about  

18:55

that a bit more. But it's his job to make sure  zakat is happening. Which means it's his job to  

19:01

appoint people in roles of collectors and scribes.  There's a lot of jobs in zakat. Make sure they all   get paid. It meant that he was responsible. He  was also in charge of the hajj. So in that Hajj  

19:11

of year 8, the Muslims had a leader which was this  manbid and the idolatist also did Hajj that year.  

19:18

So Muslims and idolatists did Hajj together  in year 8. And the prophet sallallahu alaihi   wasallam didn't leave Mecca until he appointed  a market inspector by a man of by the name of Al  

19:29

which was an entire role. It was a philosophy of  the market and trade. Medina had it. Mecca didn't  

19:35

have it. He didn't leave till he made it in Mecca.  That's what I said. Medina is a scalable movement  

19:41

at its core is a set of institutions and roles  and wherever people came amongst them leadership  

19:48

was being created. That's why leadership is at  the core actually of this vision. The prophet  

19:53

sallallahu alaihi wasallam didn't leave to Medina.  Yeah. Till he appointed a muadin and the madin  

19:59

story if I can share a little bit of stories. I  want to have a bit more stories today. You see   just to flesh out the how as opposed to just the  the what. Yeah. Uh there was uh after the conquest  

20:09

of Mecca after the battle of Hanain actually uh  that the Muslims stopped in a place and Bilal  

20:15

was giving the adan may Allah be pleased with  him and some teenagers were making fun of the   adan as teenagers do make fun of stuff and so the  prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam called for the  

20:27

teenagers to come and then he said who was the one  with the louder voice and so was this guy. So he  

20:32

thought he's going to get it. And then the prophet  sallallahu alaihi wasallam he he prayed for him  

20:38

uh touched his I think his head or his chest. He  prayed for him and said actually this is how you  

20:43

this is how you how you do the adan. Yeah. And one  of the most strongest hadiths of how to give the   adan is the adan of this young teenager. They say  he was about 16 years old at the time. His name is  

20:54

known as Abu Mahur. And then he youngster was very  touched by that care by that love by that deep  

21:01

training. He accepted Islam. He accept this was  the prophet of God sallallahu alaihi wasallam. And   the prophet didn't leave him with just oh here's  a nice I'm off now. He gave him a job. The job  

21:12

was you're the mad of Mecca. Wow. And so look at  these roles. It's not it's it's it's a trajectory  

21:20

for that entire community cuz other jobs are going  to be created now cuz you've hired the main roles  

21:25

and the model is already in Medina. Abu Mahd this  teenager he stayed the muad of Mecca for all of  

21:31

his life and they say the adan of Makkah stayed  in his life all through to the um through his  

21:38

children sorry until the time of so even 200 years  after HR the children and the descendants of Mahad  

21:46

had the honor of giving the adan in Mecca so it's  just an illustration that you're correct to build  

21:52

Medina is about institutions so I I believe  the Sharia yes The rules of prayer, zakat,  

21:59

etc. are the systems that we have to build and I  sometimes call them institutions that we have to   build. There's a how which some of these stories  we can discuss are the people we have to develop.  

22:11

Also in the how is a culture we have to develop  and then there's roles. Medina only works because  

22:18

there are people who take on responsibilities.  Yeah. And that brings together what happened in  

22:24

the geographical Medina and all the other, if  I can use the word Medina in quotation marks,   all the other Medinas that were established in the  life of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam. So  

22:34

going back to your original question, it is roles,  it is responsibilities, there is an appointment.  

22:41

In the appointment it was coming from the  prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam and then   they were appointing like I said if Assad ifab's  in charge of Mecca there's lots of roles he will  

22:50

have to now start recruiting for to bring about  the this Medina and model if you like in Mecca  

22:56

and your question is fair what do we do if there  is no authority from the top all I'll say for now  

23:03

is it's politics bottom up it sounds harder  because of course if you have an amir and the  

Legitimacy - ‘bottom up’ politics’

23:08

amir says this is how it's going to be done then  you you obey him and you you do it right whereas  

23:14

if you're trying to build something bottom up  like what's the legitimacy that you can give to  

23:19

I don't know someone in London who says okay now  I'm I'm your we know London very well you'll have  

23:24

a hundred amirs by noon so how how does one get  over that legitimacy gap so that's now the whole  

23:32

journey of politics bottom up uh I think there's  a few things uh at play here first of all let's  

23:40

go back to a political theory in our sacred law  and before that let's go back to another theory   of residence which I'm sure we we discussed last  time which was should Muslims be living outside  

23:50

of a Muslim political entity some scholars said no  you can't on the premise of what we've said today  

23:58

that the sacred law is social it's communal  if and as much as I use word political but  

24:03

the way I use political is just a community with  coordinated leadership structures is a political  

24:09

entity cuz you can make coordinated movement  from it. So in as much as the Sharia is social,  

24:15

communal, political, leadership structures  to live as community uh then you're going  

24:21

over there. There is no structure on top.  So how are you going to live as a Muslim?   You have to leave. Many Maliki scholars said  that. And on the other side of the spectrum,  

24:31

uh you have scholars for example on the Sha and  Hanafi schools who said the quite opposite. Some  

24:36

of the shafi scholars said you are not allowed to  leave because you are now in a space where you are  

24:42

safe you're able to practice your faith and how  can you abandon that rather the people who are  

24:49

there in that land will benefit from you and I'd  like to end on why cuz when we discuss power and  

24:55

community and it looks very internal looking it  looks very power hungry and it's not clear what  

25:01

is this all for and I want to come at the end of  Why I believe this is good for Britain, good for  

25:09

America, good for the world and I'll come back to  that and that's what scholari said that they will  

25:14

benefit from you on what grounds are you leaving  and our scholars and I think this statement it  

25:19

comes from studying all of the sacred law they  say if you are in such a place then you can't   be a Muslim community living out of sacred law  and if you want to live in sacred law it has to  

25:30

be in structured community so they say you have to  now coordinate ordinate amongst yourselves appoint  

25:36

your Friday im coordinate appoint your coordinate  appoint your leadership now where's this theory  

25:43

coming from it's coming from the fact which I'm  sure western theorists would share as well I've   just not studied in western political theory the  fact that ultimate power rests in people always  

25:54

there's no actual possible notion of absolute  power because the truth of the matter is when  

26:01

a public stop following Zit for stops following a  leader, that leader has no power. And he can have  

26:08

the biggest dictatorship and the biggest army and  the biggest whatever. You can't just run off and  

26:13

say people will always follow me. So power is  always negotiated and authority is awarded from  

26:20

by people. If you look at the prayer which I think  is the the greatest space of Islamic education and  

26:28

communal living and the spirit of the law because  that's where we learn that oh we have to move as  

26:34

one behind a leadership try your best to appoint  the best leader cuz then more people will come  

26:40

but whoever you get you must move with them it's  the essential education of living in community is  

26:45

is in prayer now who made that person the imam  you'll say the government makes a pride imam,  

26:52

you will say the mosque board makes him the imam.  But if the entire community stops praying behind  

26:57

that person, by definition, that person is not  an imam. An imam has a community. So when we pray  

27:05

behind someone, we are awarding them the authority  to lead us. And the sacred law is just teaching us  

27:11

that a we have that power and b we have to use  it. We have to create structures in which we can  

27:19

place our authority so that we can move together  with them. So I just want to say in our Sharia  

27:25

political the I'm sure is is a much larger one.  Power is actually with the people. Yeah. And if  

27:31

you have a community and there's no Muslim amir,  power is in the community. But this is where it  

27:37

gets tricky. They have to be taught. They have to  be informed. And this is what I call the culture   change that you have a power and your duty, your  calling, your sunnah, your religion, your success,  

27:51

your thriving, your spirituality is in creating  structures and placing your power in them,  

27:58

allowing them to lead you. That's hard work. Uh  and the way it works is when we call politics  

28:05

bottom up. I believe that our leaders in our  community are going to be the ones who have the  

28:13

ability to form the large coalitions to overcome  differences to create alliances. I'll speak later  

28:22

about the importance of alliances within wider  society because I want to speak later about why  

28:28

this vision is a vision for the countries in  which we live. But if I just look internally   facing that's the challenge of leadership and all  of the sunnah of is actually about this point. If  

28:39

you look at how much the prophet sallallahu alaihi  wasallam stressed ethics in trade not to overtake  

28:45

somebody else in their trade not to speak ill  about people behind their back. The fact that   one of the best charities you could do in your  life is to make up between two people who have  

28:54

fallen out. Even if it involves telling a white  lie like I heard he regretted it. I heard you do  

28:59

this one. You guys get back together again.  The entire sunnah, if you really study it,  

29:05

it is this culture, a culture of we are together  and a culture around leadership, which I'd like  

29:11

to speak a little bit more about in a little bit.  But just to get to the core of it, it's us create  

29:17

and we've already started this journey. So let's  look at mosques. Uh we might not like the mosque  

29:24

committee. We might consider them racist. We might  consider them backwards. We might consider them   close-minded. But if we pray in those mosques, we  have placed some of our authority in them. We've  

29:35

said we are going to validate your work and we're  going to pray here. We have disagreements, we'll  

29:40

make it work. We pray Friday prayers together. So  can you see not through any political power, we've  

29:47

got great structures that we've created. If you  just think about what mosques have facilitated,   Friday prayers happen at 1. uh you get the  prayer timetables announced there. There's  

29:58

no fighting who's the Imam. There's no it's very  rare there'll be some fist fight in a car park  

30:04

over something that was said. Very rare. The only  thing is does the vision stop there? What comes  

30:12

next? Yeah. But that's in short is what I call the  hard work, the laborious work and the necessary  

30:21

work that our sacred tradition is calling us to.  And it is politics bottom up, creating alliances,  

30:28

educating people about community, educating  institution builders that a you're not alone.  

30:35

There's a community that will support you,  but b you are not an end unto yourself. Your  

30:40

mosque is not the be all and end all of what your  community needs. You have to learn to collaborate,  

30:48

build and create structures bigger than yours.  Just like again the model of the um the model  

30:54

of the organization. If I'm in a finance team and  all the other teams are failing, I have no right  

31:00

to celebrate and dance about it. I've got to find  ways cuz the win is a collective win. That's the  

31:06

hard work. That's what I think we have to do.  I mean what you described there does require a   pretty pretty profound cultural shift. I mean it  requires an active citizenry for example. I would  

Cultural shift

31:17

argue that we we only accept the mosque structures  sometimes because we have to pray and we have to  

31:24

pray Juma and so we go to the mosque sometimes  begrudgingly because we can see that some of the   mosque committees are not really serving a greater  role in the welfare of the Muslim communities.  

31:35

um it's going to require sort of a culture of of  obedience in a way because once you have a leader  

31:40

good or bad you have to somewhat obey them. You  have to obey them in order for your community to  

31:45

work in a singular direction. So that culture  requires a lot of self-restraint but it also  

31:53

requires us I mean sometimes we have too many  leaders too many people who come forward you   you remember during the time of elections you know  we had 10 candidates that put themselves forward  

32:03

uh for for for election. So um it it requires a  pretty profound cultural shift for our community  

32:11

to work in unison and to work for the betterment  of the community before we even get to aims and   objectives greater aims and objectives like how  how do you imagine that cultural shift can be can  

32:22

be realized. So I want two things I want to share  with you. One is just I think three points that   I felt were at the heart of the culture that the  prophet was creating sallallahu alaihi wasallam as  

32:32

he went through this task was building me because  again there's no there's no absolute leadership   in the world where you just click your finger  and the world moves. Yeah. And so he was new in  

32:40

this town. He had different tribes and different  faiths and so it was a cultural project there as  

32:46

well where people's whole notions of solidarity  were being transformed. Yeah. Through their time  

32:51

with the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam. So  cultural change is a sunnah. Is that making sense?  

32:56

It's not just we have to do it to catch up. It  is the sunnah. It's exactly what the prophet was   doing sallallahu alaihi wasallam. So want to say  just three bullets of what I think is in cultural  

33:04

change. Yeah. And I want to talk a little bit  about sidest stepping the mosque and thinking   of other institutions we can develop which I  think will transform this conversation for us  

33:13

when we bring it down to our where we are.  If I go back to the the prophetic culture,  

33:18

there's three two three bullets that really  stood out for me and what I'm calling a lead   a structured um building it. Uh point number  one was to discourage strongly the craving  

33:33

of leadership. That's point number one. Yeah.  Because when you talk about leadership culture,   it's yeah, oh me, I want to be leader. I want  to be leader. And so step number one is we  

33:42

don't want people who think about being leaders  and there's a number of statements like this  

33:49

uh one was a hadith of the prophet sallallahu  alaihi wasallam uh I can't all of the Arabic now

33:58

wording of that effect I forget the hadith  the wordings now but we do not give this   command to a people who are avid for it and  there's one person called Abd Rahman uh Abd  

34:09

Abdman Samur I believe was the name he came  up and said to the prophet sallallahu alaihi   wasallam appoint me give me give me a  position you're giving all these jobs  

34:16

everywhere give me a job and the prophet  said to him sallallahu alaihi wasallam

34:24

do not ask for leadership because if it's given  to you after you're sort of avidly asking for it  

34:31

Allah will leave you to it but if it comes to you  not through your avidly seeking it Allah will aid  

34:39

you in it. So it's so interesting. I'm going  to put two points side by side. Bullet one is  

34:45

a culture where we are not craving leadership.  Bullet number two is a culture where we do not  

34:52

move without leadership. When you bring them  together, you get a community that understands  

34:58

how to follow. Because what is bullet number two?  Throughout the sunnah was a notion of leadership.  

35:03

So for example is a hadith that says if three  people are traveling together they should appoint  

35:09

a leader. Why? What it goes back to the question  what is the point of leadership? It is not lording  

35:14

over people. It's not being superior over people.  Actually goes back to this one point which is this  

35:20

is a vision of communal movement, communal impact,  communal effectiveness, communal solidarity.  

35:29

Without leadership, we will not have a  mechanism to reach a decision. That's for  

35:35

me at for me that's at the core of leadership.  The moment we have three best best best friends,  

35:41

but one when they're lost in the desert, one  says let's go right and one says let's go left   and one says let's go forward. Uh you're  going to create a strain on on a group.  

35:50

Yeah. How do you avoid that strain? Before  you get to the crossroad, you just decide.  

35:55

There's a bullet number three about to come  up, but you just decide when all else fails,   you're the leader. And we when when you appoint  a leader, it means that before I appointed you,  

36:04

I had some authority. I'm investing it in you  for our better good. That's the idea. We all  

36:10

have power. Leadership is about investing it in  someone for the greater good. And so in that case,  

36:16

everyone is leading. Does that make  everyone is is helping move forward? Now  

36:22

uh bullet number three of the prophetic culture  around leadership. One is we do not want a culture  

36:30

of craving positions. Number two, we want a  culture that we move with leadership so that  

36:36

we anticipate difficult decisions before they  come and we've already put into place what in  

36:41

today's parliament is governance of how  to overcome the decision and move as one.  

36:48

Point number three, yeah, is a culture for the  leaders which is deep consultation. A culture of  

36:57

deep consultation and this is something that the  Quran recommends uh encourages a great deal. Yeah.

37:06

Uh one of the traits of the praised people  in surah a surah is called consultation.  

37:12

And because of this word that these great good  people Yeah. They consult, they don't dictate,  

37:19

they don't force, they give everyone's  leadership its respect. Uh and it was  

37:25

an instruction also in the Quran in Ali where  the prophet was told sallallahu alaihi wasallam

37:34

all of these are cultures and leadership. The  prophet himself was told sallallahu alaihi   wasallam consult to them in the weighty  matter. Don't just say I'm Allah sent to  

37:44

me. I'm inspired. Do what I say. Rather, it  was come many. What do you think? What do  

37:51

you think? What do you think? Uh, and the prophet  sallallahu alaihi wasallam like all of the Quran,  

37:56

he modeled it. He modeled the entire Quran. He  modeled consultation. It is frankly astonishing  

38:04

how many times in the SA at important junctures,  everyone just got around and they talked and he  

38:11

stopped and said, "What do you think?" And  what do you think? And he taught sallallahu   alaihi wasallam for all leaders after him that  he would actually move with the consultation.  

38:20

And there's a very important lesson I he gave  people real importance and real leadership in  

38:25

that. So for example at the battle of the  Quraysh had sent out an army up and so it  

38:31

was after Jumar they sat and he asked for  consultation about where to fight them,   where to meet them. an army is coming. And they  say that in that meeting there were some older  

38:42

Muslims who kind of stayed quiet out of respect  for the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam so he  

38:48

could judge. And there were some younger people  in the group who are a bit more passionate. The  

38:54

passionate voices said why should we wait for them  to attack Medina and be like cowardly? Let's go  

39:01

out. Let's form lines and fight like men. A real  army. We are a real army. The prophet sallallahu  

39:07

alaihi wasallam in that consultation he actually  wanted to fight in Medina a more like street to  

39:13

street battle where they'd have a a better sort  of advantage within the terrain because the army  

39:19

was coming like guerrilla warfare. Correct. Yeah.  But and he also saw a dream that sort of implied   this. But when all the voices in the room were  about going out, he said, "Okay, we're going to go  

39:31

out." Right? He went into the house to put on his  armor. while he was in the older companions were  

39:37

telling off the youngsters what have you done and  he didn't want this and why you open your mouth   and so when the prophet came out sallallahu  alaihi wasallam the younger the everyone else  

39:45

said it's okay we've changed our mind we'll do  whatever you want and he said no it's it's been   done now and that's also modeling the Quranic  verse which was consult them in the command

39:58

when you've made your resolve then rely on Allah  so he said it's been done and they went out sorry   to make this into a story but I just wanted a  more of some cuz stories convey culture and I  

40:08

think that's an important part of our conversation  today. So if you look at these three bullets and   if you think of culture formation was the Medina  project not just a a a side effect of it. These  

40:19

are things we have to talk about today that  we need to have a narrative of leadership cuz  

40:25

the entire sacred law revolves around it. We  need a narrative of not creating leadership.  

40:30

When you bring those two together there's a  tension. Yeah. And in that tension, we create   the culture of following. We have to move as one.  We shouldn't all be craving it. Let's just get  

40:40

someone. Let's just move. When you don't have the  two poles in tension, you don't create the culture   of following. And then the consultation is very  important cuz it's when you really give the sense  

40:50

that it's a leadership which is communally based.  And that was the difference of what you said,  

40:56

Islam versus other cultures. And I want to come  back again later to the sheer unique character  

41:03

of communal power throughout our sacred law. So  coming back to today, we can talk at length about  

41:09

how to create a mosque culture transformation.  I've given some bullets and we can talk more   and there's others more qualified than me who do  mosque culture, you know, real really in in the  

41:19

in the weeds. If I sidestep to the space I'm in,  which is the other, I think fundamental sacred law  

41:26

institution, which is zakat. Yeah, if you look  at zakat, zakat, and if I can now make zakat a  

41:33

past and present comparison in the spirit of of a  conversation today, in the past, zakat was part of  

41:40

the most essential pillars of the scalable  movement. If if a community came to Islam,  

41:46

they were given a governor, a judge, a zakat  collector. They might have been the same person,  

41:53

they might have been different people. And then  the zakat. So this was I cannot describe enough  

41:58

how it is the most one of the most central  pillars of this movement because what does  

42:04

it create? You come into a land and normally  again the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam is  

42:09

creating leaders amongst communities. It wasn't  imagine sorry conquest of Makkah. He didn't say   I've got all these companions from Makkah I'm  putting my people in charge. He didn't do that.  

42:18

He created leaders and he went back. So uh and  occasionally he sent people like Mad Bul was sent  

42:26

uh to Aljun in Yemen to be a zakat collector and  judge. In the zakat collection in the time of the  

42:33

prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam there was an  incredible proliferation of roles like really  

42:41

incredible. Uh medians didn't used to read and  write and the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam  

42:46

brought in a sort of revolution in in in literacy.  Yeah. where he got people to teach others how to  

42:53

write and there was a whole explosion of writing  that happened and he brought writing into the  

42:58

Sharia sacred law jobs. So zakad had lots of  writing in it. You had scribes uh whose job it  

43:06

was to measure land and separate that's his land  that's that person's land so that zakat collection  

43:12

could happen. You had scribes like who's got many  famous things in the in the but he was one of his  

43:18

jobs in zakat what's what's known as which means  to go into people's farms and to estimate and they  

43:26

were very well trained they often had almost no  error I don't know how they used to do this you'd   estimate the volume of dates from the tree to then  say you owe this volume of dates and then it would  

43:37

get paid all of this is a part of a written  culture you had receipts of zakat So that if  

43:43

another collector came, you could show the receipt  that you've paid your zakat. You had guardians and  

43:48

custodians of zakat. Because if zakat was paid in  animals, they'd go into a farmland and there'd be  

43:53

shepherds who look after them. All zakat would go  to a central treasury. You had people to guard it.  

43:59

And so zakat when zakat goes to a community.  And that's why from the time of the earliest  

44:05

community, and that's I'll come back to the idea  of a city mode, it was meant to be circulated   within cities. It's a system because it's meant to  have leaders within a city. The leaders are meant  

44:16

to have helpers and aids and people with various  roles and scribes and receipts and so on. And they  

44:23

store it and they circulate it. So when zakat goes  to a new community, it transforms the structure of  

44:31

that community because you have to have trust and  leadership and systems and representation. Uh and  

44:40

that's uh that's what gave um authority to these  governors. Cuz if you think of zakat as taxation,  

44:47

what is taxation? It's a duty you pay to belong  to be cared for and to have representation.  

44:59

When we now come into today's world in the  politics bottom up, I believe it's our duty if  

45:08

we are going to practice the prophetic practice of  zakat that we have to start building structures,  

45:15

leadership structures where we live and it's very  natural because if you say let's if you start  

45:21

from a blank canvas and we want to circulate  uh London's a very big city let's go to Uh,  

45:30

I'm going to insult other cities now. I was going  to say Birmingham, but that's a pretty big city as   well. But anyway, let's go to Edinburgh, but now  they'll be angry. The Scots will be angry as well.  

45:40

Now, but if you just say we're going to circulate  Edinburgh the cart in Edinburgh on a black canvas,  

45:46

a lot of jobs are going to come out. Who's in  charge? Who do we entrust with our money? How do  

45:51

we know that the money is being spent? Uh what's  the governance structure of that? How is it going   to be stored? Then it's how do we know who the  Muslims of Edinburgh are? You almost start doing  

46:00

a census. And you know censuses started in the  prophet's life sallallahu alaihi wasallam. He sent   the companion out to make a a record of the of the  fighting community of of Medina. They came back  

46:10

with about 1,500 names. Lots of amazing things  started in those 10 years. So in Edinburgh, you'll  

46:16

do your census. If a new migrant community comes,  a new asylum seekers come, they have to plug into  

46:22

a system, right? And then so you naturally create  leadership, you create a lot of roles, you create  

46:29

trust and I believe this system of trust will  transform what's happening in our mosques. Why?  

46:37

So at National Zakat Foundation, we've started  distributing with mosques, individual mosque.  

46:42

The idea was making this as a part of bringing  communities together, zakat and community. But  

46:49

now we're discussing what's the next step. And  for us, the next step is forming bodies that can  

46:56

represent all the Muslim communities of that area,  including the mosques that are working with us,  

47:02

including other experts. And so you're creating  now a communal leadership around welfare. And  

47:09

then what we're trying to do is helping this  communal body partner with work with all other  

47:16

actors who are dealing with welfare. So just  to create local zakat, I think we can create  

47:23

a formidable leadership structure around welfare  and I think that will transform the conversation  

47:30

on how mosques can create leadership. Zakat and  salat have been since the earliest community two  

47:37

sides of a coin. Right? The Quran mentions them  about 28 times side by side. S Abu Bakr said

47:47

by Allah I'll fight anyone who separates  them. So the reason why in many ways I came  

47:53

into the zakat scene is because I think  it will be the most I feel transformative  

48:00

contribution to changing this culture  of our our vision for our communities.  

How to appoint leaders

48:07

Um when we talk about culture, I mean Jazak was  really well explained. When we talk about culture,   what about the idea of merit and and appointing  leaders uh who have expertise, who have knowledge,  

48:19

who have wisdom um more often than not within  our communities in the west, those who occupy  

48:25

positions often or sometimes are not uh they don't  hold those positions because of merit, but there  

48:32

are other factors at play. you know, maybe they're  the they are elders from the strongest clan. Maybe  

48:38

they have deep connections with the local politics  and and that in a way corrupts, you know, the  

48:44

the nature of that leadership like how important  going back to the Medina model, how important was  

48:50

uh this meritocracy, if if that is what we call  Medina uh in in in uh in imbuing this type of  

48:58

culture. So there's a couple of pieces here and  we can go back to the most important school in  

49:05

Medina which is the mosque and I said prayer is  the greatest school in what this new citizenry and  

49:12

culture is which is coming together moving as one  which is an incredible ritual if you think about  

49:18

it. We often have this very bad understanding of  that where we're disorganized. We we we do this,  

49:23

we do that. But if you just think about honestly  how prayer works, it's a remarkable thing that   we've that we have. We move as one, we have  a leader. How do you appoint the leader of  

49:33

the prayer? So our scholars say, you know, you  should appoint the most learned, the most this,  

49:39

the most that. They even come down to things  like uh best in character, then come down to best   looking. It's quite funny. Why do they do all of  that? I mean, what does best looking mean? Sorry.  

49:48

All it means is if everything else is the same.  Yeah. Uh but this one's got better style. Let's  

49:54

get the the stylish one in. You'll always win  then. No, I'm sorry, but I'll tell you afterwards.   I've got a funny comment why you will definitely  100% win. But uh I'll tell you afterwards why all  

50:05

of this? It was the idea that if you have the best  leader, it facilitates following. It goes back to  

50:12

the idea that the whole leadership theory is not  one of I click my fingers and you're with me.  

50:17

It's really taking even the Medina top down is  negotiating relationships all the time, right?  

50:24

And so the fick of prayer captures that. But if  the leader is not the most this or the most that  

50:32

or the other, if you want group prayer, you'll  still pray with them. That's the idea. Yeah. uh  

50:38

and the Sahaba were severely tested in this after  the early caliphate of the rightly guided califfs.  

50:45

those who lived long amongst the companions as  the prophet declared in the famous hadith he said

50:54

those who will live long amongst you you're going  to see many differences and there was some very  

51:00

challenging challenging things the prophet the  companion saw at the end uh Friday prayers behind  

51:05

als tough tough tough tough things but they had to  negotiate that in that negotiation They found ways  

51:15

to not undermine Friday prayer, to not undermine  the structures of community and ways to challenge  

51:22

those structures to be better. And so all I'll say  is it is not meritocracy intrinsically because if  

51:29

you say that you've created an ideal you might not  catch but what it is it's a system for communal  

51:37

leadership uh under this sacred law. within  that we do our best to get the best people.  

51:45

We then do our best to hold our leadership  to account while not undermining the sacred  

51:50

law. Cuz you could say things like abandon zakat  until they resign. Abandon Jum until they resign.  

51:58

Abandon abandon Hajj until something. Abandon  abandon abandon. Yeah, if you do that, I think  

52:06

the question we have to think about is is that  better for what we're trying to create together  

52:11

or not. And so healthy protest is a part of this  culture and it's that overarching duty called

52:22

which is embedded into again I'm stressing  everyone has a power in this. Everyone has  

52:29

it embedded in them. The old woman can challenge  Omar in the mosque because they have it. It's part  

52:34

of the education. All of us, it's like it's like  family. I might not be the dad of the family. I  

52:41

might be the son and I might be the youngest  son. But if things are going arai, I still   have a job to bring family together. And so in  this larger community, part of the education and  

52:51

culture is it's a shared project. It's ours. If  we don't care for it, who's going to care for it?  

52:58

And so we have to find the right ways to bring it  together. And in that normally we divide. There  

53:05

will be the podcasts that criticize. There'll be  the podcast that blame. There'll be the thinking  

53:10

podcast in the middle that kind of So what I'm  trying to say is what we already have is is what  

53:16

happens. But we have to understand at the core  of all of that critique uh criticism mobilizing  

53:23

uh protest at its core we are committed to the  success of this project that's what we have to  

53:30

again intentions things stay safe I I think  that's important so you know there there is a  

Women in society

53:35

there is a there is a a higher order concept here  which is that we want our communities to flourish  

53:42

and want it to work okay but you know just on this  cultural topic uh as well. Okay, fine. I get the  

53:48

point about meritocracies and intentionally you  know seeking a utopia or an ideal which we may not  

53:54

reach but at the same time we are seeking the best  people to do the jobs uh and and we recognize that  

54:03

that's not always going to be met. uh a lot of  sisters in our community would argue that they are  

54:09

you know marginalized and when it comes to mosque  committees when it comes to even like the most  

54:14

basic community groups uh there is no voice for  for for sisters I mean again how do does one deal  

54:21

with that reflecting on the the Medina society uh  idea is there a role for for some comm community  

54:30

some people more than others you like are men  going to be inevitably because they have a more  

54:35

conspicuous public role maybe are there going to  be uh far more numerous in these institutions and  

54:43

and these community groups. Yeah, that that  that's really fascinating. So first of all,   if you go back to this early community and in all  communities, the more what can I say, the less  

54:56

technology in a community, the more patriarchal  just because of the difficulties of life,  

55:01

right? and the challenges of life and the need for  defense and there's just there's just a a a matter   that that takes place and in these early societies  you'll find surprisingly there were some quite  

55:13

prominent roles uh uh and even in the time of the  prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam two different  

55:18

ladies were in charge of the market which is a  very big job right imagine a woman going around  

55:24

saying hey you man with your cup you're cheating  get out of here it's a it's like a violent role I  

55:31

in the sense that it's power, it's policing,  uh depending on the what the roles were,  

55:38

it can involve small hitting of people in  this uh different kind of culture. Hey,  

55:43

what are you doing? Fix this. And women had  that right at this early uh community. It   was quite fascinating. Doesn't sound like a  woman's job if you have a gender, you know,  

55:52

uh stereotype. uh the uh a number of our scholars  the Hanafi scholars said woman can be a judge  

56:00

which is one of the most fundamental roles in  this and the judge used to sit in the mosque as   well but so so no I would not say uh there's no  there's any sort of intrinsic role that a lady  

56:13

cannot have and yes as society has developed  its technologies you'll find uh women's the  

56:22

mode of participation ation changing what I'd  say today a number of things. First of all,  

56:29

it's always funny when we talk about Muslims don't  have women leaders when I think Muslim countries  

56:35

have had more women leaders than countries like  the United States which have yet to have one. So  

56:41

the stereotype is not correct anyway. Stereotype  of our families aren't correct. I think most of us  

56:46

in our family life have very vocal female members  and moms and grandmoms and so it's just it's not  

56:55

lived experience actually that we have a we have  a negative stereotype of ourselves that I don't   think is lived experience. Yeah. to look in our  community. Okay, Muslim MPs, forget the policies  

57:07

for a second. How many of them are women? And so  I just don't feel it's representative of what we  

57:12

are to say that we actually have that we have a  sort of negative stereotype about ourselves. But  

57:18

now we move on. uh another negative stereotype  actually if I can go back to your previous  

57:25

question I'll come back to this point again  which was just the old god and the mosques   and I sidestepped that I went into zakat you see  but if you just go to that in my mind the mood  

57:35

has shift has shifted already you know cultures  and patterns they change every 5 years every 10  

57:42

years you get seismic changes actually so our  analysis I think is still a little bit in the   past actually cuz I do a lot of movement in the  country. I talk to a lot of community leaders  

57:53

around zakat and zakat projects and I find that  people really want to think about how they can  

58:00

do more in their communities and they come to  a common table whether they are bravi so you'll  

58:08

get the preachers preaching a thing but then you  get the people who do the work and they want to  

58:14

do the work together and you'll be surprised  how much people who be classified as old god  

58:21

They know that the time has come when people  really want more out of their mosques and they  

58:26

know the time has come when these calamities which  shouldn't have been the thing that move us people  

58:32

are really thinking hard. So I'll say I think the  community has moved on. Yeah. I think even people  

58:38

we call old god are empowering a next layer of  leadership. They're listening to them. They're  

58:44

advisers or they've empowered them. And this next  group, next generation of leaders, they want to  

58:50

do more uh podcasts like this internationally.  People are really thinking about the sharing of  

58:56

ideas. I think women and men are equally very very  very active in community projects. They're keen  

59:05

to understand how to build this thing together. I  just think people are looking for what comes next.  

59:11

I think they're looking for leadership. You'll be  surprised. I did this uh tour of Canada uh last  

59:16

month. I went to Montreal, Ottawa, and Toronto.  I did some public talks and I did some closed  

59:24

dinners. The closed dinners were with community  leaders, mosque leaders, charity leaders,  

59:30

uh um advocacy people and and a few people and  I presented this vision to them and I said,  

59:37

"Do you guys feel we should be working  towards a city leadership structure i.e.  

59:43

some sort of Muslim leadership of Montreal and all  the Muslim projects in Montreal. And it was really  

59:49

fascinating that at the end of this discussion, a  couple of things came out. People wanted to know  

59:55

what should we do next? Yeah. People regular say  I run this mosque. What what can I do next? People   just need to hear the narrative. That's where  culture is actually everything. No one's hearing  

1:00:06

the narrative. No one's hearing what comes  next. No one is hearing why is the next step  

1:00:11

so important and they so I feel even the old god  they want people giving them the step where is the  

1:00:19

leadership now a communal leadership a faithbased  leadership a leadership with a narrative coming  

1:00:26

right out of what we believe not out of a panicful  reaction to something uh and the last thing I'll  

1:00:33

say I'll hand back to you this idea now which  I'm saying explicitly for the first time cuz my  

1:00:40

reading of Islamic sacred law implies what I call  a city-based vision that within a space which is  

1:00:47

real and palpable with streets you might walk  in there is a set of institutions like mosques  

1:00:55

uh and other spaces. Uh when I use the mosque  historically the mosque seeded other institutions,  

1:01:02

mosques seeded universities because they education  started in the mosque. Mosques seeded courouses.  

1:01:08

Justice used to be in the mosque. Mosque seeded  even I think Sufi lodges otherwise people would  

1:01:14

gather and eat meals within the mosque is my uh  is my sense. And so when we think about mosque  

1:01:19

think of public physical institutions. uh in  Istanbul you will see all types of madrasers  

1:01:25

and khas that's where Islamic civilization went  to. So the vision is in a city or town where you  

1:01:33

actually live you can come across a whole host  of physical spaces. Some for men, some for women,  

1:01:41

uh some as mosques, some for education, but  the point is they are present and they have  

1:01:46

a leadership and they are connected to a broader  leadership and you have welfare structures. Zakat  

1:01:53

is the most important because it creates the  greatest leadership structures. But zakat seeded  

1:01:59

a welfare culture again a place like Istanbul full  of public institutions. I think zakat seeded them  

1:02:07

public uh public schooling. There was no idea  of tax and statebased education. It was welfare  

1:02:13

based. So zakat seeded a new imagination  of a welfare society run by the community.  

1:02:20

And so we're thinking about a town or a vision  with spaces, a whole host of different types,  

1:02:27

with welfare projects, a whole host of different  types. With a business community thriving,  

1:02:34

with no barriers to entry, that was the prophetic  market. No barriers to entry, no taxes, just come  

1:02:41

and trade. Very friendly to small businesses,  very friendly for you to come and join a culture  

1:02:46

of businesses. uh you had a place where family  life was sacred. You had the justice the pillar of  

1:02:54

uh justice and arbitration but at the top you had  governance. So when we talk about building Medina  

1:03:02

with a set of really interesting institutions  at the skeleton of our community, yes,  

1:03:08

it's held together by leadership structure at the  top which coordinates, overseas, and represents  

1:03:16

interests and that allows all of this to be a base  for a much larger piece of representation. I mean,  

City base governance?

1:03:24

you're not calling for a nationbased model  of governance. you're basically calling for  

1:03:29

a city-based uh form of governance. So you'd have  in each and every major place where Muslims live,  

1:03:36

Paris or London or New York, uh there would be a  a a council that orchestrates these institutions  

1:03:45

that are emulating the prophetic Medina model. Is  that is that right? I'm saying if you reflect on  

1:03:51

the sacred law Yeah. and reflect on the prophetic  experience. Yes. I'm saying yes. Okay. Now,  

1:03:59

one point I'll give back to you. Yeah. When  you say that to people, people have different  

1:04:05

reactions. Between impossible, unrealistic, yes.  Problematic. Three things. Impossible. We can't  

1:04:14

unite over anything. Unrealistic, similar. I guess  unrealistic is just another version of impossible.  

1:04:20

Yeah. Uh the other one is problematic because it  seems anti-diverse. It seems one head which could  

1:04:29

be controlled, corrupted, uh you know, you kind  of lost the the power you get from diversity. But  

1:04:36

one thing I found again I I give the example of my  recent tour in Canada was when I was in Montreal,  

1:04:42

they said this. I said, "So what do you guys  think about this a leader a leadership structure   for Muslims of Montreal?" I call it leadership  structure cuz even that's culturally you can  

1:04:51

swallow that. I say leader of Montreal like  what backwards thing is this? Yes. So you kind  

1:04:57

of coach it leadership structure or council and  then someone said that's that exactly this not  

1:05:02

practical problematic but then what it did was  it shifted the conversation that's the advantage  

1:05:09

of direction. It doesn't look practical now, but  suddenly it shifted the conversation around the  

1:05:16

mosques that we can't do that yet, but maybe  the mosques and collaborate and we can build  

1:05:22

a better structure together. Right in that room,  there was some welfare projects. A few different  

1:05:28

uh people were involved in they said, "Oh, we can  actually coordinate and build a better network  

1:05:33

together." That's the advantage of setting  direction conversations like the caliphate. I  

1:05:39

think you mentioned that a little bit earlier.  The caliphate has been in the imagination,  

1:05:44

the political imagination from the beginning of  our community, but a strong centralized single  

1:05:50

uh leadership of all. Probably it's demonstrable  in the first 100 years and then you get negotiated  

1:05:56

power. It's not the same anymore. But as something  to set direction for a political imagination,  

1:06:03

it drives decisions all the way down to the  grassroots. And so just to make it clear,  

1:06:08

I believe that is what the sacred law  calls to. I believe it transforms what  

1:06:15

we can do as a community internally and what  we can offer the countries in which we live.  

1:06:21

I believe it is the prophetic model which was  not a central Medina governing in the details  

1:06:28

of others but a scalable movement building up  leadership and structures for communities to  

1:06:34

govern and find life together. I think towns and  cities are the regions in which we live and part  

1:06:41

of being a Muslim is to feel responsible really  responsible for the places where we are. So that  

1:06:46

um is not abstraction it's real responsibility.  So I think everything points to this one point  

1:06:53

but that's where people have to deal with this  question impossible uh uh problematic or is it  

1:07:00

actually a direction which now can loosen our hand  of what we're holding and set a new culture. So  

Denunciation of modernity

1:07:07

Dr. say how so far we've uh understood this  Medina model as a scalable model as a way by  

1:07:14

which Muslims can find flourishing through uh  these coherent communities. Um how much of what  

1:07:22

you're saying uh today is a like a denunciation of  modernity of maybe capitalism even the idea that  

1:07:32

um capitalism pushes us into these dislocated  societies. is I think it's what Durkheim calls  

1:07:38

enemy. You know, the idea that we're we're we're  so disconnected from those social orders that kept  

1:07:46

human societies together for centuries. We have  a Muslim and non-Muslim societies. In fact, we're  

1:07:52

now living these individualistic uh lives. I mean,  I suppose there's two parts of this question. Is  

1:07:58

there a an explicit critique of modernity here?  But also, do you fear that if the Muslims in the  

1:08:06

West do not think like this, then somehow we're  going to falter in our in our basics of Islam  

1:08:13

because we're stripping away communal living from  our practice of the sacred law. Yeah, thank you  

1:08:20

very much. There's quite a lot uh in that. First  of all, yes, this is a critique and an alternative  

1:08:28

to the modern state and to modern living and  to modernity. And it's because of this that  

1:08:35

again while halak has claimed an Islamic Sharia  governance in a modern state is impossible. He's  

1:08:42

not giving a fick ruling. He's not saying haram  halal. Yeah. All he's saying is if you do it, it  

1:08:48

won't be what it was originally conceived to be.  It'll be some sort of hybrid. And I want to give  

1:08:55

some credence to that because that's the I think  the response to your comment. I gave a lecture  

1:09:00

to the Cambridge Law Society, Islamic Society  Law Society about I don't know uh 8 9 10 months  

1:09:08

ago and when doing this contrast between Islamic  sacred law and modern law at its heart I felt was  

1:09:16

that there was this thing called community that  Islamic law gave a lot of weight to like lots of  

1:09:24

weight in authority right a Islamic law discourse  force actually limits the power of government to  

1:09:34

overly control people and it part of how it does  that is it invests a lot of power in this middle  

1:09:41

layer called community right I'm not an expert  in modern politician science so I'm speaking   just in in general terms but the the modern nation  state and modern structures in general they have  

1:09:52

this narrative of allencompassing control of the  citizenry Yeah. And in order to arrive at that,  

1:10:00

they've set into motion systems and cultures  and institutions to break up all other forms  

1:10:09

of solidarity. Authority is all with the state and  its bureaucracy and its wings. Authority is not in  

1:10:17

the citizenry. Authority is not in communal  structures. Let me do a contrast so I can  

1:10:23

illustrate what I'm saying. Very simple contrast.  First of all, let's look at family life. The  

1:10:28

modern welfare state, which I feel is on its  one-way downfall now, and I want to come to that  

1:10:34

as well before we sign off. The modern welfare  state is founded on a kind of on a premise. On the  

1:10:41

surface, it's good. We're here for you. Pay us the  taxes. We'll look after you. Yeah. But implicit in  

1:10:47

that is you don't need to ask your family. We have  all of it. Mhm. And so what you see this notion of  

1:10:55

the state is actually your family not your blood  family along with other institutions we could  

1:11:01

talk about like the financial system which also  actually corres um increases this idea financial   system. Why does increase the idea uh you are  born and you must the the ideal citizen lives  

1:11:12

a life under debt and your basic living requires  both parents to be earning. It leads to atomized  

1:11:21

life and small family. So the economic system is  breaking down small family atomized life and the  

1:11:27

relationship of state and individual is saying  don't worry about family you got the individual  

1:11:32

life. Jonathan Saxs the previous chief rabbi he  had a book in the 80s I found he had a very small   chapter in it about family and he was making some  reflections how the old testament is all about a  

1:11:42

family but he made a remark where he said family  is the basic unit of resistance and that's the  

1:11:49

truth of it look at this model which almost is  engineered over time that family it's not my job  

1:11:58

to look after you and you're my sibling then even  more so it's not my job to look after that person.  

1:12:03

It's just a homeless person. Doesn't matter. They  live in my neighborhood. That's the culture coming   out of systems. Look at a sacred law system. If  I'm struggling and uh you're my blood brother,  

1:12:18

the kadi will say you have to look after me.  And so it's a system which enforces family life,  

1:12:25

right? It's a system that tells people family  is a unit of solidarity. The modern state is  

1:12:31

afraid of that because wherever you get strong  family ties, states struggle to to exert lots  

1:12:38

of control because you have a basic unit says who  are you? Sorry, you can't interfere with with you  

1:12:44

know this idea of a limit on state control.  It's a very basic example you see where a  

1:12:49

sacred law encourages family solidarity in its  basic systems. So that it's my job as a family  

1:12:57

member to look after you. Uh and that's why  zakat includes neighborly solidarity. It's my  

1:13:04

job to look after this person who is homeless. So  it's a completely different culture. It sets out a  

1:13:11

layer of protection in family. If you  look at other institutions like law,  

1:13:17

the madhabs is a community of experts who will  determine the sphere of power of the government  

1:13:26

and they do not represent the government. That's  why all of Islamic history was a negotiation  

1:13:32

between people in power and community leaders and  these were religious leaders. In that negotiation,  

1:13:40

community was protected. And so um we can come  up with other examples but oh let me give you one  

1:13:47

more very important example and people find this  quite odd if they haven't come across this before.  

1:13:54

The vision of Islamic sacred law is that Sharia  is for the community that believes in it. It's  

1:14:01

not for others. And so when Muslims were governing  other faith communities, there was no idea that  

1:14:10

you must uh live as we live and pay as we pay and  etc. None of that. Or dress as we dress or eat as  

1:14:18

we eat or sell what we sell. It was none of that.  The idea of a sacred law society was that every  

1:14:26

single faith community was encouraged and expected  to live the Sharia that they believed in. That's  

1:14:34

why when Islam came to the near east uh you know  Christianity like other faith group have so much  

1:14:41

infighting at the time of the rise of Islam the  biggest thing was does Christ have one nature   or two natures? lots of debates. Whichever group  was in charge was oppressing the other Christian  

1:14:51

groups from practicing what they believe or from  being equal. When Islam came in the near east,  

1:14:56

it said, "We don't mind what you believe about  the nature of Christ. We're not interfering. If  

1:15:02

you believe in that church, follow it. Let  them govern your marriages, your divorces,   your ethics, your whatever you need, and you go  to that church and you go to that temple." So,  

1:15:10

how is this possible? A modern nation state in its  current formulation is incapable of this level of  

1:15:19

plurality. Yeah. Uh I don't chat with Chachi  a lot. I feel over time I don't know I find  

1:15:24

it unreliable. But at the time I asked Sachik is  there such a thing as a pluralistic theocracy cuz  

1:15:32

theocracy normally means you know I represent God.  Everyone shut up and you listen to me. But this   is not that. It's coming out of communities. Let  every faith community follow what they believe.  

1:15:42

And the Islamic governance only offered a thin  layer of public law which returned back to the  

1:15:48

protection really of life and property. And other  than that, everyone follow what you believe. Even  

1:15:53

if it's the opposite of what we would do, we want  we we we just follow it. It's for you know we will  

1:15:58

support you in following what your faith community  believes. And so it said yeah said yeah you can  

1:16:04

call this pluristic theocracy. So I said give me  examples of pluralistic theocracy. And every time   I pushed it for an example, they were either uh  Islamic history examples or it was modern nation  

1:16:16

states built on old Ottoman lands. It didn't  give me a single example of a land outside of  

1:16:22

an Islamic culture, present or past. And so  this is almost a uniquely Islamic feature,  

1:16:29

a sacred law that preserves the rights of  people to follow what they believe in their  

1:16:35

rules and their laws and their customs. A modern  state is incapable because a modern because this  

1:16:40

system only works because the locus of law is in  community. It's not in government. That's why it's  

1:16:47

a communal power and whenever you create communal  power, you're protecting people from government  

1:16:53

cuz there's a there's a system above them that you  are creating. So that was just the point that it's   it's a different and distinct. Yeah. Uh was there  another angle to what you said? Well, just just a  

Government and communal lives

1:17:05

follow on from that. Um uh because of course  lots of Muslim communities in western states  

1:17:11

uh we sort of desire uh government to intervene  and to protect us and to pass legislation to to  

1:17:18

make for example zaka easier or to make prayer you  know easier. Uh and and from what you're saying  

1:17:25

uh it's probably better that we don't have that  level of intrusion of the government upon upon our  

1:17:32

communal lives because inevitably with those even  if there are additional protections uh with those  

1:17:39

intrusions will come um you know a certain type  of polity that wants to interfere in the nature  

1:17:45

of these religious practices. I mean where do you  stand on that? It's very tricky. Reason why it's   tricky is I've laid out an ideal. Yeah. Which  is not the way that we are living right now.  

1:17:56

Right. Reason why I want us to know the ideal  is I believe the way we are living is already   collapsing. Right. And I I'd like us to talk about  what that looks like and means. Yeah. But in the  

1:18:06

moment we are living in these structures. Yeah.  In the moment we are paying high very high taxes.  

1:18:14

In this moment we are expecting government  to give us healthcare and road and schools.  

1:18:19

uh we're not yet in a place to say we have an  alternative political structure. Let's unplug   and we don't want any of this from you. So what  I'm trying to say is when you set a direction,  

1:18:30

it's about informing our next steps. Currently  we are in the modern state, the allervasive  

1:18:36

state which can which literally controls how we  educate our children. It controls the lifespan of  

1:18:43

those children more than we control actually. It  controls it has the ability to be aware of what  

1:18:51

we're you know discuss there's just a lot we're  already in it though and because you're already  

1:18:56

in it our strategies have to take that in mind  so I will not actually I'm I'm going to sidestep  

1:19:02

your question it's not for us to just say we are  dissociating right from a setup that's completely  

1:19:08

surrounding us and surrounding the world so so Dr.  So, um, so far you've talked about building these  

1:19:14

cellular, these sort of city town-based cohesive  Muslim communities that emulate the the Medina  

1:19:21

model, but is there room for more national-based  organization in your in your thinking? Uh, and  

1:19:28

the answer, yeah, thank thank you for that. This  is the thing I actually forgot to say earlier.   It is there there's very much a room for that and  it's exactly what what comes next because it's not  

1:19:39

the vision is not again cities and towns on their  own trajectories but it's the idea that that's a  

1:19:45

unit and it's a unit we often do not speak about  we talk about whether it's caliphates or whether  

1:19:51

it's like national strategies and that's where we  lose out on what I call the sacred law vision it's  

1:19:56

a unit and the way I think of as the metaphor if  you make like a building with cards So you kind  

1:20:02

of lean two cards together then two then two then  you can now you're able to put a base then you can  

1:20:08

put two and two then you can do a base and then  you've got your little um pyramid. So similarly  

1:20:14

as we negotiate and understand how to build our  leadership together in localized areas I use the  

1:20:20

word city but region locality however you wish  to say it then you've got a base upon which to  

1:20:28

lay another layer of foundation. So for  example, we're trying to national zakat   Foundation. We believe there's a great job for a  national body to oversee standards, procedures,  

1:20:41

systems, training, uh due diligence if you like,  and then an advocacy to represent the whole in the  

1:20:49

national conversation because there is a national  entity that we're dealing with. But then the the  

1:20:55

power of that national body is commensurate to  the viable local bodies that are feeding into it  

1:21:02

with real expertise on on the ground. So I think  there's a necessity to think nationally but why  

1:21:09

stop at nationally? This is the whole idea.  We're in this sort of modern political order  

1:21:14

which is already negotiating its next stage.  So as a community, we don't need to stop our  

1:21:21

aspirations even within the nation. It makes sense  as the political unit that we're in. But why can't  

1:21:27

we build our pack of cards and then take that  learning into Republic of Ireland? It's just,  

1:21:33

you see, they're so artificial. Why is it should  be Northern Ireland, not Republic of Ireland?   Why can't we take a community model we're  developing and attach it to uh uh Muslim  

1:21:43

communities in Europe or further a further a field  which leads to one micro point as well which is uh  

1:21:52

I believe Muslims in the west especially they have  a most tremendous opportunity and that opportunity  

1:22:01

is to really flesh out these systems that we  believe in. Yeah. They're part of our sacred past  

1:22:09

with an agency and freedom. Muslim communities  don't always have uh for a number of reasons.  

1:22:16

If I'm trying to coordinate mosques, well, that's  the job. I'm trying to do zakat. What am I trying   to do by challenging the government? It's just  these are intrinsically political statements if  

1:22:26

you like. But if we build something where we are,  I think we are modeling something for communities  

1:22:34

in the world. M and so I just wanted to say that  I think this is a global conversation but the  

1:22:40

power of the global is when you do build out your  very regional structures otherwise it just stays  

1:22:46

theory. Yeah. Uh that's uh what I think and and  do you see a distinction between uh Muslims in  

Muslims in the West

1:22:52

the west as minorities and Muslims in uh Muslim  majority countries? Yeah, it's very tricky. Uh  

1:23:02

because I believe Muslims in the west, we are we  are fully in what I call politics bottom up and we  

1:23:10

have the freedom to create institutions on a black  canvas. really when you're in a Muslim majority  

1:23:17

world like I've just hinted at, you are within  Muslim political structures, your job is to sort  

1:23:24

of challenge them from within, but it's you're  still in a sort of top- down structure. There are  

1:23:32

which are ministry of religious affairs. So your  job is to see how can you improve it. It might  

1:23:38

not be to build your own. You might not have that  agency. you you are not a government ministry. So  

1:23:44

you're dealing with the top down in the very faith  institutions that we've been talking about. In the  

1:23:50

west those faith institutions don't exist. So I  think the negotiation of power is a little bit  

1:23:56

different but the goal is still the same that we  as individuals as a citizenry have a duty to feel  

1:24:03

responsible for the whole and to work with it.  But I think sometimes the direction of travel   will be different. But as I keep saying when I  go to Canada and I speak to Muslim communities,  

1:24:14

I feel even in the west, I feel the various Muslim  communities, I feel they're holding different  

1:24:19

pieces of the puzzle. Uh we were discussing that  earlier before we started. American mosques have  

1:24:25

some things our mosques don't have. Uh I found  a Canadian advocacy group uh NCCM. I felt when I  

1:24:32

taught recently, they have an acceptance in the  community and they have a particular ability to   engage government. I felt our ones don't have.  I feel even in the west we're holding different  

1:24:42

pieces of the puzzle which is why we should not  just limit our horizons nationally but do share  

1:24:47

in global conversations like the ones that you're  facilitating and I think in the east as well. So  

1:24:53

I just think we're part of this interesting moment  of what they call glo I've been emphasizing local  

1:25:00

has a structure but it really thrives when you're  now connecting it globally. You got the nation,  

1:25:08

you got the continent, you got the west, you  got the east. I think everyone's got a piece   of the puzzle. And that's why again I'll stop  and say what I found to be the success of your  

1:25:16

podcast cuz I've been trapped. People ask me about  our last conversation is just that it really is  

1:25:23

driving a global conversation of people thinking  the the same things. Uh so I think we all have  

1:25:28

something to learn from each other. Exactly. So  far we've we've uh you've very eloquently talked  

Flourishing communities

1:25:35

about this Medina model and and the idea of Muslim  communities in particular in the west flourishing  

1:25:41

uh as as units that are cohesive and that uh see  the sacred law as as beyond sort of these sort  

1:25:47

of very dislocated ideas but actually these  connect together and and they uh they lead to  

1:25:53

something. Um uh apart from flourishing, apart  from having great communities where there is  

1:26:00

uh you know where our young people are maintaining  identities, their identity as Muslims uh but  

1:26:07

also flourishing and and moving forward like is  there a greater objective that you have in mind  

1:26:14

uh when it comes to uh discussing these medabased  model communities? Okay. So there's two parts  

1:26:22

here I want to say. One is the inward facing. What  does it offer its members? Yeah. And one is I keep  

1:26:28

hinting at what's the outward narrative. Yeah. Uh  to wider community. When it comes to the inward  

1:26:34

members, we have to obviously start from from  the very beginning. Why? How does someone join  

1:26:40

this community? It's not ethnicity. And that's a  mistake that we've made that we've tied too much  

1:26:45

to the appearance that uh this is an ethnic  group. Islam is an ethnic group. Uh one shake  

1:26:55

I spoke to three weeks ago, he said he said if uh  if people hate Islam or they have this narrative,  

1:27:04

it's never because Muslims pray and they hate  Islam or Muslims fast and they hate Islam. He   said it's because of these cultural thing  that goes on top of it. So I'll come back  

1:27:14

to this again if you'd like to. But all I wish  to say is let's go back to the absolute basics.  

1:27:19

Joining this community is not an ethnic fact.  It's not even a cultural fact. It's not a fact  

1:27:26

of your class. And it's very important that  our narrative is not class-based as well or  

1:27:31

middle class or upper class. That's where rules  like zakat and prayer, they protect us from that  

1:27:37

cuz we can be very comfortable speaking to our  own. Yeah. But zakat, prayer and the institutions  

1:27:42

make sure we realize no, we are for everyone.  It great equalizes. Exactly. Yeah. That's why  

1:27:47

the sacred law, there's no strategy that will be  better than what we're discussing cuz we always   create a strategy in our own image. It's very hard  to step out and cast the what I call the widest  

1:27:58

possible net of belonging. So things like zakat,  they cast the widest possible net of belonging.  

1:28:03

What do I mean? You might not uh you uh you might  not um come to the mosque. You might never have  

1:28:10

been to an Islamic school. You might not really  dress as Muslims should be dressed. You might not   really do all of your prayers. You might have  a lot of really bad habits, but you believe in  

1:28:21

Islam. What has Islam got for you? The sacred law  casts the widest possible net of belonging. You  

1:28:29

might be such a person. You've never had a single  good experience with the Muslim community because  

1:28:34

your life has been so tough on the streets and  broken family and all of that. Zakat is saying you  

1:28:42

are still from this community and it's our duty  to make sure you have a roof over your head and   you have food on your belly. Just come. Yeah. When  you create the widest possible net of belonging,  

1:28:53

you are preserving souls. That's why this was  what I called the prophetic da at the end of the  

1:28:59

prophet's life sallallahu alaihi wasallam. It's  the civilizational dawa. There is no better way  

1:29:05

to preserve souls than to give them access points  to a community that will care for them. And so it  

1:29:13

is about the souls of individuals. It has to  start from there before we go anywhere else.  

1:29:18

Souls of individuals are protected in community.  The prophet said sallallahu alaihi wasallam

1:29:29

that when a person is by themselves the devil  is the interfering party. Yeah. If there are  

1:29:35

two people the devil is one step removed. The  devil is further away. And that's why the whole  

1:29:40

communal vision and we always feel it when you're  in a mosque or you're in a you just feel this ease  

1:29:48

because faith is ease. Faith is comfort. Faith  is light. Faith is going a bit higher than your  

1:29:55

day-to-day problems. And when you're with a group  of believers, that energy, that thing you can't  

1:30:01

put your finger on, it just transfers. And so at  its core, at its most basic element, we cannot  

1:30:10

save all souls through lectures and schools  because again, these get whether we like it or  

1:30:15

not, they get stuck in classes or ethnicities or  groups. But this vision is a vision for all and we  

1:30:23

have to do it. The widest possible net for people  to find belonging. As I always say to people,  

1:30:29

eman is an Arabic word that really means to enter  safety. Ammon says he's a Quranic dictionary. He  

1:30:39

says means you found peace. You found safety. And  we say yes, it gives you safety in the next life.  

1:30:48

And the sacred law says it gives you safety  in this life. You were hungry, now you're  

1:30:53

not. You were lonely, now you're not. You were  alienated, you have a community. You were wronged,  

1:31:00

we have an arbitration method, etc., etc. That is  faith. Faith is preserved by making life work for  

1:31:08

people. It's not a narrative of once you die.  It's a narrative of let's make it work. That's  

1:31:14

the Sharia. It's a system in this life. So we  have to start from there. The end is preserving  

1:31:20

and saving souls. You and me, we are Muslims  and we're honored by that fact. And it wasn't  

1:31:27

because of books we read. It was a transmission  through community. And then we read books and  

1:31:33

found scholars and we started a journey. Always  there's no beat. There's no way to beat community  

1:31:39

when it comes to preserving faith. And if you look  at the the dawa or the spread of Islam, structured  

1:31:46

community is the thing that spreads Islam.  If you look at the conversion around Medina,  

1:31:53

it's comparison. It's way greater than conversion  that happened in the time of Mecca. Cuz people  

1:31:59

want to belong. Not again if you break class out  not everyone is educated not everyone does this  

1:32:05

not everyone does that but they all want to belong  to something that that works and nurtures their  

1:32:11

their core the power of Islam is it's spiritual  it's psychological it's social it's economic it's  

1:32:17

structured and we know how to move so that's  the starting block and I've hinted at part two  

1:32:24

what is part two these are systems that work the  sacred law of Islam across our various theological  

1:32:31

divides. Really scholars all agreed. It wasn't  just given as a test to see if we listen to God,  

1:32:39

Allahhaala. It was a code to bring about our own  advantages. It protects family life. It protects  

1:32:49

trade. It saves us from exploitation. All the  disasters of ongoing wars and the disaster of  

1:32:56

the environment. It's shocking how much of that  is tied to an economic exploitative system. We try  

1:33:02

to live innocent lives, but we are under systems  only created to control us. This is the truth of  

1:33:08

it. I was with my niece uh a few weeks ago, and  it was a really odd. We don't normally have the  

1:33:14

most deepest of conversations, but she just said  all of her friend group, you know, after Gaza and  

1:33:20

after genocide and the war on Iran was just going  on. And you just realize that these laws that we  

1:33:28

are told to abide by. You almost feel like they're  just there to control us. And the people who sit  

1:33:35

over them will break them willy-nilly. Then you're  like wondering, is all of my life real? Is it like  

1:33:42

a real thing I'm living or am I just sort of in  this control system while others do what they  

1:33:49

like and I'm sort of powering their whims? And she  said her whole friend group was having these sort  

1:33:55

of existential questions like are our lives worth  anything? Are these systems worth anything? Like  

1:34:01

it's really sad actually if you just when  you see these breakages bomb willy-nilly,  

1:34:06

kill willy-nilly do and you think well then there  is no there is nothing. It's just control. And so  

1:34:13

all I'd say is human beings are protected through  systems. This sacred law is to protect us. Yeah.  

1:34:22

Protect our most basic interests, allow us to  live fulfilled lives. Uh how much is there this  

1:34:29

whole explosion in depression and anxiety? And  these are engineered by a system that takes out  

1:34:36

of your soul a connection to what is higher and  puts you in a system that really is like I said,  

1:34:42

it's very strange control systems is what all I  would say. So it's flourishing souls and systems  

1:34:49

that work, systems that allow people to actually  live fulfilled lives. And there's the last part  

1:34:55

I'll say for now, which is the outward-looking  part. The prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam  

1:35:02

was sent as a mercy to the worlds. The prophet  sallallahu alaihi wasallam is the prophet who  

1:35:10

was sent to England. That's what we believe. He  was sent to America. He was sent to New Zealand.  

1:35:16

And where is he in those countries? He is in his  community. If we don't coordinate as a community,  

1:35:26

if we don't represent his mercy and his justice  and his wisdom and his teaching, we are letting  

1:35:34

him down. You could even go far and say we are  betraying him. So that the people of those lands  

1:35:42

all they see is bad parking and bad this and bad  that and demands then they'll say oh is that what  

1:35:48

the prophet brought we don't need him and so  we are part of that bad image why is structured  

1:35:56

um representing him because in structured um we  have solutions for welfare we have solutions for  

1:36:08

communities solidarity and I'm going to blend into  another question now I kept putting it as a place  

1:36:14

mark which was I believe we are at the downfall  of the welfare state and what do I mean by that  

1:36:22

wherever you go on the planet it's like a unitary  conversation life is getting very expensive it's  

1:36:28

very hard to get by you can't do what you  could do and no one knows where this is going

1:36:37

I do not believe and The people I've spoken  to do not believe that we'll ever successfully  

1:36:43

wind back that clock. Now, it was an idea  about centralized control and various things  

1:36:49

that we've been hinting at. This idea is  breaking now. So, what does that mean? A  

1:36:56

new future is coming. What is the new future?  There will be contested narratives about it.

1:37:05

I believe that if we do absolutely nothing and  stay as atomized selfserving communities no  

1:37:15

different than any other community as if we don't  have a sacred trust as if we don't have a sacred  

1:37:20

message as if we don't have another way that  people could live what is going to be happening   is as follows as as this downfall continues  people will have to find someone to blame.  

1:37:33

Who do you blame? The most usual blame,  and that's happening all over the world,   Muslim and non-Muslim countries really, you blame  the strangers, the aliens, the migrants. Uh,  

1:37:45

and what does that lead to? A couple of things.  First of all, yes, if you are from that migrant  

1:37:51

community, difficult times ahead. That's  what it looks like. But secondly, of all,  

1:37:56

you're not solving any of the problems. Uh, did  Brexit help the UK economically? It was driven by  

1:38:03

this exact concern. Did driving out uh uh you know  non-ethnic indigenous doctors improve the health  

1:38:12

care system or do we have So you're not solving  a problem. You're fermenting hatred. What comes  

1:38:18

next? Yeah. It's a very scary future for all  migrant and non-migrant, ethnic and non-thnic.

1:38:28

If we start this journey to building structured  community, politics bottom up internal first of  

1:38:37

all coalition building learning the difficult  task of bringing people together in creating  

1:38:45

institutions to invest our authority in  to represent us. If we succeed at that,  

1:38:52

we are creating a model of community leadership.  the welfare state, the systems. They might not  

1:39:00

know that's what they want, but I believe that's  what they need. I believe even systems like zakat,  

1:39:07

even as we're running it today,  cuz we're in these conversations,   uh even if it's wealth being circulated amongst  Birmingham's Muslims. Birmingham is a bankrupt  

1:39:20

council. All these councils on the verge of  bankruptcy. I believe just zakat working in  

1:39:27

communities like that it will be maybe one of  the most important collaborators in setting  

1:39:35

up allowing communities to continue. So what does  that mean then? What does that look like? It means  

1:39:43

you've created collaborators with anyone who's  trying to solve in our case Britain's problems.  

1:39:51

Is it welfare? Is it education? Is it young  people? Is it spaces? We have lots of spaces.  

1:39:58

Yeah. All the time. Mosques and educa. These  spaces are going to be the most important thing  

1:40:04

in our future. Spaces for public use. So what I'm  trying to get at is our prophet sallallahu alaihi  

1:40:13

wasallam was a mercy to the world. He's a mercy to  the United Kingdom. He's present in his community.  

1:40:21

his community have to build a way of living  in alignment with what he brought. And if they  

1:40:29

succeed at that, they will be, I believe, one of  the most important collaborators in charting a  

1:40:37

course forward for our country. Now, uh, and what  does that mean? Because like I said, if if I feel  

1:40:46

the welfare state is collapsing, if these power  systems are already shifting, if we don't start a  

1:40:52

movement of community structures, community power,  can you see already then you're changing power  

1:40:58

in the nation state. Remember I said earlier, you  can't change it overnight. But it's filling a gap  

1:41:05

and solving a problem. It's not fighting for it.  It's coordinating and solving a problem. As you  

1:41:13

do that, there's a negotiation of power. Power is  now sitting in these community structures. As we  

1:41:20

do that, we can collaborate with other community  projects. Uh if we do that, I think it sounds  

1:41:28

quite crazy. I think we save the country. I think  we give it a healthier way forward with faith,  

1:41:36

with solidarity and with the most important thing  we are transforming what it means to be a citizen,  

1:41:43

what it means to be a human in society. Because  for the last 150 years, education was designed  

1:41:50

to make you a particular kind of subject. You're  not responsible for the welfare of others. You  

1:41:56

just have to work and pay off your debts. You  just have to do XY Z. Whereas all old models,  

1:42:02

all of them, Muslim and non-Muslim, were about  you are responsible in community. As we create  

1:42:08

our own narrative of you are responsible for  where you live, a sacred task of caretaking  

1:42:15

with sacred injunctions that already guide you.  It's not just a culture change in our community  

1:42:20

now. Can you see that? Yeah. It's a culture change  in the Christian community. It's a culture change   in the atheist community. It's culture change  in other community. And I think I think that's  

1:42:30

what saves the country. However, how however  mad some people might think what I'm saying,   you have to look at what's coming. Like I said,  whenever we analyze ourselves, we sometimes are  

1:42:40

10 years late. Yeah. The community is always  moving. Politics is always moving. And so all  

1:42:45

I'll say in short, I gave a long comment, but at  the heart it's always about preserving souls in  

1:42:51

the widest possible net. It's systems which solve  actual human questions in ways that are timeless  

1:42:58

and needed. And it's a culture and systems that I  think other communities will want to tap into. Tap  

1:43:08

into our expertise and tap into the culture that  I think we are going to be creating. Um so however  

1:43:16

odd this might sound what I'm saying I think it is  the future. I think it's the mercy of the prophet  

1:43:22

in the UK sallallahu alaihi wasallam because  if you don't step up with a solution all you  

1:43:27

have that fills that void that I can see is hatred  and and populism and not only does it harm you as  

1:43:33

our community it doesn't benefit anybody. Uh I'll  say that for short and there's a lot more because  

1:43:41

our scholars say you can't limit and restrict the  wisdoms of Allah subhanana wa ta'ala. Maybe others  

1:43:46

other than me can have better articulations.  Yeah, of why this is important. But it's  

1:43:52

really important to stress this. It's not about  control for control sake, power for power sake,  

1:43:57

might for might sake. It is his mercy sallallahu  alaihi wasallam. We just have to deliver it and  

1:44:04

it gets delivered in the vessel of um and um is  a structured way of living. I think that's been  

1:44:12

a fabulous conversation. Thank you so much  for your time today. Thank you very much.

1:44:21

Please remember to subscribe to our social  media and YouTube channels and head over   to our website thinkingmuslim.com  to sign up to my weekly newsletter.


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Ep 252. - Reform or Revolution: The Future of Islam & Politics | Dr Uthman Badar